Which oral condition is characterized by the presence of white patches and can be a precursor to cancer?

Leukoplakia is characterized by the appearance of white patches or plaques on the mucous membranes of the mouth, which can be a significant concern because they may represent a precancerous condition. It often arises in areas that experience chronic irritation, and while not all leukoplakic lesions are cancerous, some have the potential to transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma. This makes it particularly important for dental professionals to monitor these lesions, as early detection and intervention can facilitate effective treatment and prevent progression to cancer.

In contrast, aphthous ulcers are painful, superficial sores that typically heal without scarring and do not have a known link to cancer. Lichen planus may present with white striations in the mouth, but it is primarily an inflammatory condition rather than a direct precursor to cancer. Angular cheilitis, which presents as inflammation and cracking at the corners of the mouth, is usually related to nutritional deficiencies or other factors and is not associated with cancer development. Understanding the distinctions between these conditions is vital for appropriate management and patient care.