Which one of the following disease processes presents as an overgrowth of tissue cells that invade their surroundings and often destroy those surrounding tissues?

The disease process that presents as an overgrowth of tissue cells, which invade their surroundings and often destroy adjacent tissues, is described accurately by a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors, or cancers, are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to the invasion of surrounding tissues and organs, causing significant disruption and damage.

In contrast, a cyst is typically a fluid-filled sac that is not invasive and does not destroy surrounding tissues. An infection is the result of pathogenic microorganisms causing disease and can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, but it is primarily the response of the body to an invading organism rather than a direct overgrowth of cells. An ulcer refers to a sore or lesion that forms on the skin or mucous membranes, typically involving a loss of tissue but not characterized by the invasive growth of cells.

Therefore, the definition and characteristics of a tumor align perfectly with the question's description of a disease process that involves overgrowth and invasion of tissues.