Which one of the following periodontal conditions may be caused by bacterial infection with Treponema vincenti?

Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), also known as trench mouth, is indeed linked to the presence of the bacterium Treponema vincenti. This bacterial infection is associated with severe periodontal inflammation, characterized by the rapid onset of painful, bleeding gums, the presence of necrotic tissue, and often a foul odor. The condition is typically seen in individuals with compromised immunity, stress, poor oral hygiene, or nutritional deficiencies.

Treponema vincenti is part of a group of anaerobic bacteria that participate in the polymicrobial infection seen in ANUG. They contribute to the tissue destruction and characteristic ulceration of the gingival tissues that define this condition. Recognizing the role of this bacterium in ANUG can aid dental professionals in both diagnosis and treatment, which usually includes improved oral hygiene practices, scaling, and possible antibiotic therapy.

Other periodontal conditions listed might involve different pathogens or mechanisms but are not specifically caused by Treponema vincenti. For example, acute herpetic gingivitis is primarily caused by a viral infection, acute lateral periodontal abscess typically arises from a tooth-related infection, and subacute pericoronitis relates to the inflammation around partially erupted teeth, often associated with different bacteria.