What condition allows a tooth to experience pain from a caries attack that can be resolved by filling the cavity?

The scenario presented describes a situation where a tooth is experiencing pain due to caries, and this pain can be resolved by filling the cavity. The correct condition relevant to this context is pulpitis.

Pulpitis occurs when the dental pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels, becomes inflamed, often as a result of caries that have progressed deep into the tooth structure. When caries reach the pulp, it can trigger symptoms like acute or chronic tooth pain. In cases of reversible pulpitis, filling the cavity can resolve the inflammation and alleviate the pain, as it seals the tooth and prevents further bacterial invasion into the pulp.

Other conditions listed do not directly relate to pain from dental caries that can be fixed with a filling. Cellulitis is a soft tissue infection that can occur as a complication of dental problems but is not a direct result of caries affecting the tooth itself. Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue, which is unrelated to cavities, while pericoronitis refers to inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted tooth, typically wisdom teeth, and does not pertain to a cavity in a regular tooth.