How does an 'N'-type autoclave differ from a 'B'-type autoclave?

An 'N'-type autoclave is characterized primarily by its method of steam sterilization, which uses a downward displacement of steam. This type of autoclave relies on pushing the air out of the chamber as steam enters from the top, allowing the steam to come in contact with the instruments or materials being sterilized. This method is effective for sterilizing non-porous items that do not require a vacuum to achieve complete sterilization.

In contrast, 'B'-type autoclaves are specifically designed to handle porous loads and items wrapped in textiles. They utilize a vacuum phase to remove air from the chamber before the steam enters, ensuring that steam can penetrate completely into all surfaces of the items being sterilized, which is especially critical for materials that can trap air.

While 'N'-type autoclaves are limited in what they can sterilize effectively, 'B'-type autoclaves can be used for a broader range of materials, including those with complex shapes or that are wrapped, making the use of a vacuum essential. Therefore, the distinguishing feature of the 'N'-type being the downward displacement of steam directly relates to how it sterilizes items and sets it apart from the 'B'-type which employs vacuum technology for sterilization