Which one of the following toothpaste ingredients has the most effect on removing some surface stains from the teeth?

The ingredient that has the most effect on removing surface stains from teeth is biological enzymes. These enzymes work by breaking down the proteins associated with dental stains, particularly from substances like coffee, tea, and tobacco. When incorporated into toothpaste, they can help to gently lift stains from the enamel surface without being abrasive, making them particularly effective for maintaining a bright, clean appearance of teeth.

Sodium fluoride is primarily included in toothpaste for its ability to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay rather than for cleaning or stain removal. Sodium saccharin is a sweetening agent used in some dental products to improve flavor but does not serve any role in stain removal. Triclosan is an antibacterial agent that targets plaque and gingivitis, but again, it is not specifically effective for removing surface stains. Thus, while all these ingredients play a role in oral hygiene, biological enzymes specifically focus on addressing surface stains, making them the best choice for this purpose.