Which of the following diseases is characterized by acute inflammation of the liver?

Hepatitis A is characterized by acute inflammation of the liver. It is caused by the Hepatitis A virus, which primarily spreads through the ingestion of contaminated food and water. The inflammation can lead to symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and nausea. Unlike some other viral infections, Hepatitis A does not usually cause chronic liver disease, and the majority of patients recover completely within a few weeks.

In contrast, options like HIV, Tuberculosis, and Measles involve different pathogens and primarily affect the body in other ways. HIV specifically targets the immune system, Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, and Measles is known for causing a distinct rash and respiratory symptoms but does not lead to liver inflammation. Thus, Hepatitis A stands out as the specific disease associated with acute liver inflammation.