Which anaerobic bacteria is known to colonize plaque during the progression of periodontal disease?

Actinomyces species are significant when it comes to the colonization of dental plaque, particularly during the development of periodontal disease. These anaerobic bacteria thrive in the subgingival environment where oxygen levels are low, making them well-suited for survival in periodontal pockets. They play a crucial role in the formation of biofilms associated with plaque and contribute to the inflammatory processes seen in periodontal disease.

Actinomyces are associated specifically with the early stages of plaque formation and are involved in the transition from healthy gingiva to periodontal disease, where they can influence the abundance and composition of other bacteria in the oral microbiome. Their ability to adhere to tooth surfaces and to other bacteria aids in creating a complex community in dental plaque, ultimately impacting periodontal health.

The other bacteria mentioned, such as Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, have different primary roles in oral health and disease. While some are present in the oral cavity, they are not primarily associated with the anaerobic conditions found specifically in periodontal disease. Understanding the specific role of Actinomyces in this context helps clarify how certain bacteria contribute to the pathology of periodontal diseases.