When an adult casualty starts to choke, what is the first action the rescuer should perform?

Encouraging coughing is indeed an appropriate initial action when an adult casualty begins to choke. Coughing is the body's natural reflex to clear blocked airways, and it can be effective in dislodging the object causing the obstruction. By encouraging the person to cough, the rescuer allows them to use their own strength to expel the item, which is often the safest and most effective first response.

In situations of choking, recognizing the severity of the obstruction is crucial. If the person can still cough or speak, it means that their airway is only partially blocked, and encouraging them to continue coughing can help to clear the obstruction. This intervention can be very effective in cases where the material causing the choking is not lodged too firmly.

In contrast, other actions such as performing abdominal thrusts or back slaps are typically used when the choking is severe and the person is unable to cough or make any sounds. Opening the airway is more relevant in managing cases of unconsciousness or other airway issues but is not the immediate response to mild choking. Understanding when to apply each technique is essential for effective first aid in choking scenarios.